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Traditional System of Classification in Biology encompasses all those systems of classification of living organisms that do not make use of molecular phylogenetics. Molecular phylogenetics is defined as the branch of phylogenetics that makes use of the analysis of genes, proteins, or both of these, with the help of bioinformatics software, in inferring the evolutionary relationships. For an example of the Traditional System of Classification in Biology vs. Modern System of Classification in Biology, see – What are Bryophytes?
Bryophytes are primitive land-dwelling non-vascular plants comprising liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. Bryophytes [bryo- (moss) + -phyte (plant)] are non-vascular as they lack true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem). According to the traditional system of classification, all bryophytes belong to a single phylum or division “Bryophyta”. New classification (modern system of classification) categorizes bryophytes into three distinct phyla or divisions, viz. – Marchantiophyta / Hepaticophyta (liverworts), Anthocerotophyta (hornworts), and Bryophyta (mosses). Plant scientists (botanists) that specialize in the study of bryophytes (bryology) are called bryologists. Examples of bryophytes include Marchantia (a genus of liverworts), Anthoceros (a genus of hornworts), Sphagnum (a genus of mosses), Bryum (a genus of mosses), etc.
The term “nosode” is derived from the Greek word “nosos”, which means – disease, sickness, or malady. A nosode is a morbid product derived from the discharges, excretions, secretions, etc of the diseased tissues, or a nosode may be obtained from a culture of disease-causing bacteria or viruses, or a nosode may be derived from the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal tract that gets amplified in diseases.
A nosode is used in the homeopathic system of medicine as a remedy to treat diseases including chronic miasms (see – What are Miasms in Homeopathy?). The term “nosode” was coined by Constantine Hering, who is known as the “Father of American Homeopathy”. Some of the main examples of nosodes are Psorinum, Medorrhinum, Syphilinum, Bacillinum, Tuberculinum, and Bowel Nosodes.
Psorinum – Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, the “Father of Human Pharmacology”, used sero-purulent matter of a scabies vesicle as Psorinum. Psorinum is also known as the nosode of Psora, or Psoricum.
Medorrhinum – Medorrhinum is also known as the nosode of Gonorrhœa, or Glinicum, Gonorrheal virus.
Syphilinum – Syphilinum is also known as the nosode of Syphilis, or Syphilitic Virus, or Luesinum, or Lueticum.
Bacillinum and Tuberculinum – They are the nosodes of Tuberculosis (T.B.). Tuberculin of Koch was originally prepared from the colonies of tuberculosis-causing bacilli. Dr. James Compton Burnett named and first described Bacillinum, which was prepared from tuberculous sputum.
Bowel Nosodes – Bowel Nosodes are prepared from the non-lactose fermenting bacilli of the intestinal tract.
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Esoteric Science can be precisely defined as the scientific study of the ununderstood or unrevealed phenomena (esoteric phenomena) of the universe by making use of a human being’s deep insight as the scientific instrument of investigation. True esotericism in science (or true esoterism in science), thus, as propagated by Rudolf Steiner, deals with the study of the esoteric phenomena by the scientific ways of investigation. Rudolf Steiner (1861 – 1925) was one of the greatest philosophers known in the history of mankind. He became the twentieth century’s most significant esotericist (occultist) and assiduously discussed Esoteric Science in his book “An Outline of Esoteric Science” / “An Outline of Occult Science”.
The term “orphan” is derived from the Late Latin term “orphanus” meaning “parentless child”, from the Greek term “orphanos“, which means “without parents or fatherless”, literally meaning “deprived or bereft”. The English language dictionaries also describe orphan as a person or thing that is without any protective affiliation, unsupported, without sponsorship, unauthorized, isolated, deserted, abandoned, etc. In the field of medicine, an orphan disease is defined as a medical condition which affects a small percentage of people in a given population. An orphan disease is also known as a rare disease. As orphan diseases or rare diseases have limited number of patients, they are not considered a profitable domain to invest by the pharmaceutical companies. Examples of orphan diseases include Huntington’s disease (HD), rare types of cancers, etc.
The uses of seahorses in TCM are manifold. Seahorses are used as a yang tonic, to increase sex drive, to treat weakness of sexual organs, to remove fatigue, etc. Seahorses are contraindicated in pregnancy because they promote the expulsion of fetus from the uterus (womb). Under Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), seahorses are utilized in the treatment of a variety of diseases. For a list of diseases treated by seahorses in TCM, see this article “Seahorses in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)”
The medical term “Carbuncle” is derived from the Latin word “Carbunculus” (red gem). Literally, “Carbunculus” (carbon- + -culus) means “a little coal”. A carbuncle is a deep-seated, localized, painful, and purulent (pus-containing) infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues (tissues beneath the skin), which is usually caused by the pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria – Staphylococcus aureus. A carbuncle has multiple openings that discharge pus containing necrotic (dead) matter. A carbuncle is composed of a cluster of furuncles (boils), and these boils are interconnected beneath the skin. Carbuncles commonly occur at the nape (back) of the neck, back, thighs, and buttocks. When several carbuncles occur simultaneously or in quick succession, the condition is known as Carbunculosis.
The medical term “Contusion” is derived from the Latin word “Contundere“, which means to beat, to bruise, or to break into pieces. Contusion is an injury that does not result in the breaking of the skin, is often caused by a blow from a blunt object, and is characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain. Rupturing of the blood vessels beneath the skin, due to the impact of the blow, results in the occurrence of swelling, discoloration, and pain. A contusion is also known as a bruise.
Reply To: How does Salvia divinorum act?
The principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum is Salvinorin A (see – what is Salvia divinorum?). Salvinorin A is reported to be the most potent natural hallucinogen. Salvinorin A is a unique hallucinogen as it is a highly selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR or KOPr) agonist with no activity at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor. The principal site of activity of classic hallucinogens is at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor. Salvinorin A has been shown to be a highly selective kappa opioid agonist or kappa opioid receptor agonist both in vitro (see – what is in vitro?) and in vivo studies (see – what is in vivo?). Thus, the mechanism of action (MOA) underlying the hallucinogenic effects of Salvia divinorum has been attributed to the kappa opioid agonist activity of Salvinorin A. Kappa opioid receptors are found widely distributed in the regions of brain involved in interoception, pain, reward, emotion, and memory.
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What is a Near-Death Experience (NDE)?
A real Near-Death Experience (NDE) is a profound perceptual experience occurring to a person very close to death or while declared clinically dead. An NDE-like experience may occur in a situation where there is no real threat to an individuals’ life. Dr. Raymond Moody coined the term “Near-Death Experience” in 1975 his book titled “Life After Life”. Some components of NDE that are frequently reported by those undergoing Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) include: feelings of peace and calmness, out-of-body experiences (OBEs), moving through a dark tunnel, sight of a brilliant light, encounter with deceased relatives, meeting spirits and mystical beings, sensing a border, experience of a life review, etc. Although most of the Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) are reported to be pleasurable, some are distressing and terrifying.
Are Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) mystical in nature?
Near-Death Experiences (NDEs) are considered mystical or mysterious as they are unexplained by science. During a real Near-Death Experiences (NDE), the heartbeat and breathing of the person undergoing NDE are temporarily suspended, the electroencephalogram (EEG) shows flattened brain waves, and there is absence of the auditory evoked potentials from the person’s brainstem region of the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, the person perceives a deep psychological phenomenon
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic herb belonging to the mint family (family: Lamiaceae / Labiatae). It is indigenous to certain areas of the mountainous Sierra Mazateca region located in the northern part of Oaxaca (Oaxaca is a state in Mexico). Salvia divinorum is a perennial plant with hollow stems, green leaves, white-colored flowers with calyces of purple color, and can attain a height of over three feet. Salvia divinorum has been traditionally used by the Mazatec Indians (indigenous people of northern part of the Mexican state of Oaxaca) for the purposes of divination and healing.
Salvia divinorum has been placed under regulatory controls in several states of United States of America (USA), Australia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Estonia, Sweden, and Finland.
S. divinorum is also known as la Pastora, ska Pastora, Maria Pastora, Magic Mint, the Shepherdess, Shepherdess’s Herb, the Leaves of the Shepherdess, ska Maria Pastora, Diviner’s Mint, yerba de Maria, Diviner’s Sage, Sally-D, Sage of the Seers, and simply, Salvia.
Salvia divinorum is used by chewing fresh leaves, drinking juice extracted from fresh leaves, smoking dried leaves in pipes or bong or cigarettes, or by inhaling its vapors.
To know the Mechanism of Action of Salvia divinorum, see: How does Salvia divinorum act?
The term “Miasm” or “Miasma” was used by the founder of Homeopathy, Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, for minute or microscopic, parasitical, living organisms, which we today understand as the microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc). The Miasmatic theory of Hahnemann considers the minute, parasitical, pathogenic living creatures (microorganisms) as the cause of acute infectious diseases (such as smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, cholera, anthrax, etc) and those chronic diseases that are not due to allopathic means of treatment, not associated with a person’s occupation, etc.
According to the Miasmatic theory of chronic diseases, developed and propounded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, there exists three chronic miasms or chronic miasmata or chronic miasmatic diseases, namely, – Psora, Syphilis, and Sycosis, all of which are caused by infectious microorganisms and transmitted through infection or inheritance (parents loaded with chronic miasm or miasms can transmit the miasmatic disease or diseases to the offspring in the form of genes).
Psora, Sycosis, and Syphilis present themselves initially as skin symptoms. When the skin symptoms are removed by local means or disappear themselves, the inner aspect of the chronic miasmatic disease still exists and never gets removed by itself or by any means except the use of proper anti-miasmatic homeopathic remedies. From time to time, the untreated, hidden, and latent internal miasmatic disease flares up producing varied and repetitive acute symptoms and a multitude of chronic diseases.
Thus, a person loaded with one chronic miasm or more chronic miasms, becomes predisposed to other acute and chronic diseases. This is the reason that a chronic miasm is also considered as a diathesis, dyscrasia, constituition of the patient, or predisposition to become chronically ill. The main value of the Miasmatic theory of Homeopathic system of medicine lies in the treatment of the chronic diseases of the human race.
Also, see the most complete definition of “nosode” at “What is a Nosode?”
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Homeopathy is a true medical science fully based on the scientific methods of experiments and interpretations. Homeopathy or Homoeopathy is not at all a pseudoscience (fake science or false science). To know about the scientific truth of Homeopathy along with evidences, read my research paper / research article “Father of Human Pharmacology”, and to know about the basic scientific law on which the practice of Homeopathy is based, read this post “What is Homeopathy?”
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